Shotokan Karate and Self Defense

Submitted By: Aaron Landry
This is a form of Karate that was developed in the late 1800's by Fichin Funakoshi in Japan. He often had many public forms of demonstration and practiced mainly in dojo's at colleges all throughout Japan. He had many students, and at later stages of the creation of Shotokan, he and a few of his students had disagreements about the essence of karate, and the forms split to form new branches of karate all based on Shotokan. In fact, today, the original form of Shotokan does not exist in its original form, but is only taught from a few of the branches that broke out during the creation of Shotokan. Shotokan is not a karate of strikes. It is taught through kata, a series of moves and strikes done as a routine, and kumite, or free sparring. Kumite is done to practice the moves learned in each kata.
Shotokan, like most forms of karate, has a ranking system consisting of colored belts. In each belt there can be levels (for instance red belt, level one and two). Each level, or belt, has different kata's that become more advanced and technical. These moves learned in the kata then are transferred to the kumite free sparring session in order to try to perfect the skill in a real scenario. In order to advance in a level, one must preform the correct kata in front of his or her instructors in effort to move on.
Shotokan was not meant to be a means of fighting, but a way of finding ones self. Funakoshi developed a list of rules he called, Dojo kun, that he made all abide by when practicing Shotokan. This list consisted of five rules, the basis of Shotokan. These five rules were, seek the perfection of one's character, be faithful, strive to succeed, respect everyone, and refrain from violent behaviors. The karate was not a means of winning or losing, but to seek the perfection of self as well as in others. It was a means of personal perfection of the body and mind through strong means of self discipline and training. The actual karate learned is to be used to maintain the peace when hostility arises, rather than to destroy and humiliate the opponent.
These different forms of Shotokan are now taught all over the world. It is a great mean to get your body and mind in line and in shape. Karate is a great form of exercise and can increase ones strength, agility, endurance, balance and self discipline. It also carries over into other parts of your life as well. The mental training that you will go through will help you be successful as well. And lets not forget to mention the obvious ability to defend yourself if a situation arises where you must use the skills you learned to douse the situation at hand. Knowing how to defend yourself gives you a great deal of confidence when walking the streets. It feels good knowing you can protect yourself and your loved ones from a potential attacker.

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The London 2012 Olympics: What to Expect

Submitted By: Chris Tomkins
In less than 2 years, London will be the host of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games and the athletes of 205 nations will compete in 300 events. The games will run from 27 July to 12 August 2012. Unlike Lillehammer, Norway, or Sochi, Russia, London is a familiar destination with famous historical attractions and it is easily accessible by most major airlines. During the 16 day world sporting event, the city is expected to see an influx of more than a million people. The Olympic games were previously hosted in this city in 1908 and 1948.
The Games Will Host 26 Sports.
Athletes from all over the world will be competing in these 26 sports:
Athletics, archery, aquatics, boxing, basketball, badminton, cycling, canoe, kayak, football, fencing, gymnastics, hockey, handball, judo, pentathlon, rowing, shooting, sailing, triathlon, taekwondo, table tennis, tennis, volleyball, wrestling, and weightlifting.
The Games Will Be In 28 Locations.
The olympic sports will be held in 28 different venues. Most of the games will be held in the Old Park, Stratford, East London, while other venues will be across locations in England, Scotland, and Wales.
Old Park will host the olympic stadium, the main centre for the opening and closing ceremonies and athletic events. This venue will also have the aquatics centre, basketball arena, handball arena, and hockey centre. The cycling track and cycling BMX will be in VeloPark.
Other Olympic Venues in London.
* Earls Court in West London will have volleyball.
* Excel London in East London will have numerous contact sports ranging from boxing to wrestling.
* Greenwich Park in south east London will have equestrian events.
* Horse Guards Parade in Whitehall will have beach volleyball.
* Hyde Park in the West End will have the triathlon and the 10k open water swim.
* Lord’s Cricket Ground will have archery.
* Millennium Dome in Greenwich peninsula will have two arenas. In Arena 1 will be artistic gymnastics, trampoline, and basketball. In Arena 2 will be badminton and rhythmic gymnastics.
* Regents Park will have road cycling.
* The Royal Artillery Barracks in south east London will have shooting.
* Wembley Stadium in north west London will have football.
* Wimbledon in south west London will have tennis.
Olympic Venues Outside London.
* The Broxbourne White Water Canoe Centre in Hertfordshire will have canoe slalom.
* Eton Dorney in Windsor will have rowing and the canoe sprint.
* Hadleigh Farm in Essex will have mountain bike.
* Hampden Park, the national stadium in Glasgow, Scotland, will have football.
* The Millennium Stadium, the national stadium in Wales will have football.
* Old Trafford in Manchester, the home of Manchester United Football Club, will have football.
* St James’ Park in Newcastle-upon-Tyne will have football.
* Villa Park in the West Midlands will have football.
* Weymouth Bay and Portland Harbour in Dorset will have sailing.
The 2012 Summer Olympic Games to be held in London from 27 July to 12 August 2012 will welcome 205 national athletes competing in 300 events. The games will be spread across 28 locations in London, Scotland, and Wales and is expected to bring in more than a million visitors. If you're interested in going, it's time to start considering signing up for tickets before they are officially released.

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World Cup 2010: Metatarsal Fracture in Elite Soccer Players

Submitted By: Jasper Hulscher

With the World Cup 2010 well on its way, no doubt we will read somewhere during the tournament about a player who has just fractured a metatarsal bone in his foot during one of the games. It does seem that more and more elite soccer players suffer from this type of injury these days.
So what exactly is a broken metatarsal and why do we seem to hear so much about it these days more than we ever have done in the past? Before we identify why, let us take a closer look at the metatarsal bones first.
The bones between the ankle and the toes are called the metatarsal bones. The first metatarsal is located on the inside of the foot, and connects the ankle with the big toe, whereas the fifth metatarsal bone is located on the outside of the foot and connects the ankle with the little toe.
The two main functions of the feet are to propel and to support. The metatarsals play a major role in these two functions. By acting like a rigid lever to aid propulsion, they manage to increase our efficiency whilst walking or running. Additionally, they act like a flexible structure to aid and support balance to cope with uneven ground.
The second, third and fourth and fifth metatarsal bones are usually injured as a result of a prolonged period of overuse, creating something we call a stress fracture. A stress fracture is an incomplete fracture in the bone. It could be described as a very small sliver or crack in the bone. These types of fractures are also known as "hairline fractures." These kinds of fractures are common with athletes, soldiers, and ballet dancers.
Another common cause for metatarsal fractures is direct trauma i.e. a direct kick to the sole of the opponent's boot. This typically affects the first metatarsal bone.
One of the reason why the foot is so susceptible to fractures is that is very few muscles and fat protecting the foot from any impact.
The initial therapy with a broken metatarsal bone is to rest it, absolutely no exercise for 4 to 8 weeks. The recovery time of the injury is determined by the extent of the damage and which of the five metatarsal bones is affected.
Walking boots or shoes with very stiff soles may be advised for the player to wear in order to protect the fracture while it heals. If the fracture was caused by overuse and not by direct trauma, the athlete's training habits, equipment and running technique should all be investigated and possibly adapted.
Putting a time scale on the recovery of a stress fracture is very difficult as the following examples of recovery time's show. Michael Owen, broke his fifth metatarsal in 2006, was predicted to return in 6 to 8 weeks, but finally made his return 17 weeks later. Steven Gerrard broke his fifth metatarsal in 2004, again was predicted to return to football 6 to 8 weeks later, but eventually returned after 10 weeks. David Beckham broke his second metatarsal in 2002, was predicted to return 6 weeks later, and stepped back on the pitch after 7. David Nugent broke his fifth metatarsal in 2006, and returned 6 weeks later. He claims that his speedy recovery all came down to drinking lots of milk!
Dr Mark S. Myerson, M.D. a renowned expert in foot and ankle reconstruction at the Mercy Medical centre in Baltimore, Maryland, United States thinks that one the reasons for these fractures in Football players is the fact that many football players are bowed legged and have a chronically unstable or loose ankles. This puts an abnormal amount of strain on especially the fifth metatarsal, increasing the chance of a stress fracture.
Other suggestions explaining why we tend to see more metatarsal fractures these days than we have in the past included: an increase in the number of games played at the top level, an increase in training intensity, or even the training that a lot of teams do on artificial surfaces, which has a higher impact on the body.
Additionally, the pitches seem to be a bit harder these days than what they used to be due to their drainage. Grass pitches are often sand-based to improve drainage. The watering of these pitches increases their speed, but does not improve their hardness.
Players themselves are fitter, faster and stronger than they used to be. Again, this increases the forces that feet have to deal with.
Finally, some specialists argue that today's boots are lighter and less supportive and protective than they were in the past.

Published At: Isnare.com